我国主要饮水除氟技术及设备调查报告

A Report on Investigation of Main Technologies and Facilities of Drinking Water Defluoridation in China

作者于1989年调查了山东、甘肃、河北、内蒙和天津的71个集中式饮水除氟和苦咸水淡化设备及309户家庭除氟器。集中式除氟出水含氟量和淡化水溶解性总固体达标率分别为72.6和53.3%。由两方面原因造成水质氟化物超标,一是设备的设计、结构不合要求,二是运行、管理不当。化学除氟首先推荐调pH活性氧化铝技术,苦咸水淡化可用电渗析法。家庭除氟器出水含氟量达标率49.2%,各地必须保证很高的使用率才能推广。

In 1989, the authors investigated 71 community drinking water defluoridation and desalination facilities in Shandong, Gansu and Hebei Pro vinces, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Tianjin Municipality, and 309 household defluoridators in 16 villages. The qualification rates of fluoride(<1.0mg/L)and total dissolved solids(<1000mg/L)in treated water samples of community water supplies were 72.6 and 53.3% respectively. The overproof fluoride and TDS levels were caused by two reasons, one was attributed to unreasonable design and construction of the equipments, the other was resulted from incorrect operation and management. We recommended activated alumina process(with pH adjustment) for fluoride removal and the electrodialysis process for desalination. The average qualification rate of fluoride level in treated water samples of household defluoridators was 49.2%. Practice indicates that the administrative organizations should pay great attention to household defluoridators and work out a series of reliable measures and the peasants must take careful operation constantly, otherwise they are not suitable to be popularized.