急诊科护理实习生对乙肝等血源性传染病防治知识知晓率及影响因素

Awareness rate and influencing factors of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B and other infectious diseases among emergency department nursing interns

目的了解急诊科护理实习生对乙肝等血源性传染病防治知识知晓率及影响因素,为职业防护培训提供指导。方法抽取2016年1月～2017年12月在武汉市中心医院急诊科的护理实习生作为调查对象,采用自行设计的问卷对其乙肝等血源性传染病防护相关知识知晓率进行调查,并对其影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果 216名急诊科护理实习生中得分11分及以上者145名,乙肝等血源性传染病防护相关知识知晓率为67. 13%(145/216);"接触有血源性传播性疾病病人的血液、体液、分泌物等需戴手套,医疗废弃物的正确处理方法,针刺伤后的现场紧急处理方法"这3个条目的知晓率比较好,而对"随访观察时间"的知晓率最低;而对于"暴露后预防性用药的最佳时间"知晓率仅37. 03%;"正确、合理、适时使用护目镜、隔离衣"仅50. 92%; Logistic回归分析结果显示:学历高、实习时间长、发生职业暴露的次数多、喜欢护理专业、接受过专题培训是急诊科护生乙肝等血源性传染病防治知识知晓率高的影响因素。结论护理实习生乙肝等血源性传染病防治知识欠佳,学校及医院要加强对护生进行乙肝等血源性传染病职业暴露相关知识的培训,以减少其发生血源性传染病职业伤害的危险。

Objective To understand the awareness rate and influencing factors of prevention and treatment knowledge of hepatitis B and other infectious diseases among emergency department nursing interns,and to provide guidance for the training of occupational protection. Methods The nursing intern in the emergency department of Wuhan Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 was selected as the survey object: a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the awareness rate of blood-borne infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and its knowledge among nursing interns. The influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 216 emergency nursing intern students,145 scored 11 or more,and the awareness rate of blood-borne infectious diseases such as hepatitis B was 67. 13%( 145/216). The awareness of the following 3 items was better when you are exposed to blood,body fluids,and secretions from patients with blood-borne diseases,you should wear gloves;the correct treatment of medical waste;on-site emergency treatment after needle stick injury'. The awareness rate of'follow-up observation time'was the lowest. The awareness rate for 'optimal time for post-exposure prophylaxis' and 'correct,reasonable and timely use of goggles and gowns'were 37. 03% and 50. 92%,respectively. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that higher educational background,longer internship,more occupational exposure,preference for nursing specialty,and special training were the influencing factors of high awareness rate of prevention and treatment of blood-borne infectious diseases such as hepatitis B among emergency nursing students. Conclusion Nursing interns have poor knowledge of prevention and treatment of blood-borne infectious diseases such as hepatitis B. Schools and hospitals should strengthen the training of nursing students on occupational exposure related to blood-borne infectious diseases such as hepatitis B to reduce their occupational injuries from blood-borne infectious diseases.