广东省深圳市2013-2017年水痘疫情流行特征及免疫接种情况分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and vaccination of varicella in Shenzhen of Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2017

目的了解2013-2017年深圳市水痘疫情流行病学特征及疫苗接种情况,为水痘预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法对2013-2017年深圳市报告的水痘病例、暴发疫情和疫苗接种结果进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2013-2017年深圳市共报告水痘病例90 789例,年均发病率为161. 63/10万;发病率最高在龙岗区(230. 56/10万),最低在福田区(96. 82/10万);发病主要集中在4～6月、11月～次年1月; 4～14岁组发病居多,以学生、散居儿童和托幼儿童为主。近5年来共报告579起暴发疫情,其中493起发生在中小学,占85. 15%,疫情最长持续时间120 d。5年共接种水痘疫苗1 079 264剂次,先后对18起疫情实施了应急接种工作,共接种水痘疫苗4 310剂次。结论 2013-2017年深圳市水痘疫情防控形势严峻,有必要实施水痘疫苗两剂次接种程序,并完善暴发疫情中的应急接种工作。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and vaccination of varicella in Shenzhen from 2013 to2017,and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of varicella. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to analyze the varicella cases,epidemic outbreaks and vaccination results reported in Shenzhen from 2013 to2017. Results A total of 90 789 cases of varicella were reported in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2017,with an average annual incidence rate of 161. 63/100 000. The highest incidence rate was in Longgang District( 230. 56/100 000),and the lowest was in Futian District( 96. 82/100 000). The incidence was mainly concentrated in April to June and November to January( in the next year),respectively. Cases were mainly reported among children at 4 to 14 years old,most of which were students,scattered children and kindergarten children. In the past five years,a total of 579 outbreaks were reported,of which 493 occurred in primary and secondary schools,accounting for 85. 15%. The longest duration of outbreaks was 120 days. In the 5 years,a total of1 079 264 doses of varicella vaccine were inoculated in recent 5 years. A total of 4 310 doses of varicella vaccine were inoculated in order to carry out 18 cases of emergent epidemic vaccination. Conclusion In recent years,the varicella epidemic has been severe in Shenzhen. It is necessary to implement the two-dose vaccination program and improve the emergency vaccination work in the outbreak.