青海省某贫困县小学生营养知识现状

Current status of nutriton knowledge mastery among primary school students in a poor county in Qinghai Province

目的了解青海省某贫困县小学生营养知识知晓情况,为贫困地区小学生营养改善及营养知识宣传教育提供基础数据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取青海省国家级贫困县乐都区3所小学的三～六年级575名小学生。采用问卷调查的方式,收集学生基本信息和营养知识相关信息。结果学生各项营养知识知晓率为20. 4%～91. 1%,其中饮品的选择最高,为91. 1%,营养早餐的食物组成最低,为20. 4%。小学生营养知识得分平均(4. 85±2. 14)分,男女生营养知识得分差异无统计学意义(t=2. 6 000,P> 0. 05);三～五年级小学生,随着年级的升高得分升高,六年级则降低,差异有统计学意义(t=96. 1 381,P> 0. 05);汉族小学生高于少数民族小学生,差异有统计学意义(t=10. 5 953,P> 0. 05);县城小学高于乡镇小学和山区小学,差异有统计学意义(t=86. 3 078,P <0. 05)。结论青海省某贫困县小学生营养知识水平较低。应进行营养健康教育,提高贫困县小学生的营养知识水平。

Objective To assess the mastery of nutrition knowledge among primary school students in a poverty-stricken county in Qinghai Province,and to provide scientific basis for nutrition improvement and nutrition knowledge education for primary school students in poverty-stricken areas.Methods A random stratified clastering sampling method was employed to select 570 primary school students from 3 to 6 grades in 3 primary schools in Ledu District,a national poverty-stricken county in Qinghai Province.A self-designed questionnaire was conducted to collect the basic information about students and information about nutrition knowledge.Results The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge among students was from 20.4%to 91.1%.Among them,the awareness rate of choice of drinks was the highest(91.1%),and the food composition of nutritious breakfast was the lowest(20.4%).The average score of nutrition knowledge among the students was(4.85±2.14).The difference of scores of nutrition knowledge beyween male and female students was not statistically significant(t=2.6 000,P>0.05).The scores of students in grades 3~5 increased with their grades,and decreased at grade 6.The difference was statistically significant(t=96.1 381,P>0.05).Scores of students in Han primary school were higher than that of students in minority primary schools.The difference was statistically significant(t=10.5 953,P>0.05).Scores of students in county primary schools were higher than that of students in primary schools in townships and mountainous areas.The difference was statistically significant(t=86.3 078,P<0.05).Conclusion The knowledge of nutrition among primary school students in a poverty-stricken county in Qinghai Province is poor.Education of nutrition and health should be carried out to improve the nutrition knowledge among primary school students in poverty-stricken counties.