2015-2017年某市蔬菜和水果中农药残留现状分析

Analysis of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in a city during 2015-2017

目的了解某市2015-2017年蔬菜和水果中农药残留情况,分析其污染水平和分布状况,为制定针对性的农药使用和食品安全防控措施提供依据。方法根据《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的要求,在全市范围内采集蔬菜和水果样品进行农药残留项目检测。结果共采集蔬菜和水果样品111件,农残检出率45.05%,无超标样品,其中蔬菜检出率为33.33%、水果检出率为58.82%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.236,P <0.05)。2015-2017年蔬菜和水果中农药残留量逐年增加,各年样品检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.972,P <0.05);水果农残检出率高于蔬菜;监测的各类型农药中,植物生长调节剂项目检出率最高。结论蔬菜和水果中农药使用普遍,特别是植物生长调节剂,应加强监管,强化农药使用知识宣传,减少使用量,减少食品中农药残留。

Objective To study the current situation of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits during 2015-2017 and investigate the pollution level and distribution status,so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of targeted pesticide use and food safety prevention and control measures.Methods Samples of vegetables and fruits were collected throughout the city for the detection of pesticide residues,according to the requirements of The National Food Safety Surveillance Manual.Results A total of 111 samples of vegetables and fruits were collected.The detection rate of pesticide residues was 45.05%.There were no samples exceeding the standard.The detection rate of vegetables was 33.33%,and the fruit detection rate was 58.82%.The difference was statistically significant(χ~2=7.236,P<0.05).The pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits increased year by year in 2015-2017.The difference in the detection rate of samples in each year was statistically significant(χ~2=11.972,P<0.05).The detection rate of fruit pesticide residues was higher than that of vegetables.Among them,the plant growth regulator project has the highest detection rate.Conclusion Pesticides,especially plant growth regulators,were widely used in vegetables and fruits.Supervision measures and propaganda of pesticide use knowledge should be strengthened to reduce the usage of pesticide in food.