青海地区艾滋病病人和无偿献血者合并戊肝流行状况分析

Analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis E in AIDS patients and unpaid blood donors in Qinghai

目的分析比较青海地区艾滋病病人和无偿献血者血清中戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)抗体阳性率,为合并感染的可能提供预防和治疗措施。方法收集2015年6月~2018年6月共计728名(496名艾滋病病人和232名献血者)年龄在18~55岁之间人群的血清HEV阳性情况。结果青海地区艾滋病病人和无偿献血者HEV总体阳性率为50. 4%。艾滋病病人和献血者的HEV阳性率分别为50. 2%(249/496)和50. 9%(118/232),两者差异无统计学意义(P=0. 603)。抗HEV Ig G阳性率与年龄呈正相关趋势:18~30岁组阳性率为20. 4%,31~40岁组为27. 6%,44~55岁组为52. 0%。农村及初中以下教育水平的感染率可分别高达59. 68%和59. 48%,牛羊接触者HEV阳性率可达56. 4%。CD4计数偏低会增加感染HEV的风险。结论青海省地处我国西部,属于HEV高发地区,艾滋病病人的HEV感染率较高,应加强艾滋病病人HEV感染的预防和控制。

Objective To analyze and compare the positive rate of hepatitis E virus(HEV)antibody in sera of AIDS patients and unpaid blood donors in Qinghai,and to provide preventive and therapeutic measures for the possibility of co-infection.Methods Serum HEV expression was collected from 728(496 AIDS patients and 232 blood donors)between the ages of 18 and 55 years from June 2015 to June 2018.Results The overall positive rate of HEV in AIDS patients and unpaid blood donors in Qinghai is50.4%.The positive rates of HEV in blood donors and AIDS patients were 50.9%(118/232)and 50.2%(249/496),respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two(P=0.603).The anti-HEV Ig G positive rate was positively correlated with age:the positive rate of 18~30 years old was 20.4%,the 31~40 years old was 27.6%,and the 44~55 years old was 52.0%.The infection rate in rural and junior high school education can be as high as 59.68%and 59.48%,and the positive rate of HEV in cattle and sheep contacts can reach 56.4%.A low CD4 count increases the risk of contracting HEV.Conclusion Qinghai is located in the western part of China and belongs to the high incidence area of HEV.The HIV infection rate of AIDS patients is high.The prevention and control of HEV infection in AIDS patients should be strengthened.