改革教学方法 探索教学规律——课堂教学结构改革的一次尝试

Improving Teaching Method

苏联著名教育学家瓦·阿·苏霍姆林斯基说过:“一般发展是学习和教育的一个极其重要的因素,但是起着同样重要作用的还有那些基本知识,如果不识记和牢固地保持这些基本知识,那就不可能有一般发展,因为所谓一般发展,就是要不断地去掌握知识。而要做到这一点.则必须学会学习。”(《给教师的建议》教育科学出版社1981年11月第一版134页)很显然,只有学会学习,换言之,只有有一定的学习能力,方能不断掌握知识,才可能有一般发展。这正是现代教育强调重视开发学生智力、培养能力的一个重要论点。目前,世界处在知识爆炸的时期,如何培养学生的学习能力,使之适应科学高度发展的形势,是国内外教育工作者正在积极探索的问题。许多学者提出要从教育体制和教学方法上进行彻底改革。

In order to cultivate and improve the students' study ability and help them keep abreast of the modern times, the author attempted to reform his teaching method. He no longer used the old "cramming method" . Instead he taught the students how to study; how to think things out for themse- lves and how to bring up their abilities to arrive at conclusions. After the innovation, there was more time for the students to draft a detailed outline of their text and for the teachers to explain the key points. The author carried out an experiment with both new and old methods in two classes, which were of the same level. The new method achieved good re- sults. It helped the students to open out their trains of thought and to overcome their dependent mentality and made the students attend lectures with problems which they themselves couldn't solve and get rid of the passive situation of taking notes all the time in class. The students would bear firmly in mind what they learned by using the method of comparing the outline made by themselves and the explanations given by their tea- chers.