上古汉语韵重现象研究——为庆祝郭锡良先生八十五华诞而作

On the Yunchong(韵重) Phenomenon in Old Chinese: In Honor of Professor Guo Xiliang on His 85th Birthday

文章根据郭锡良先生《汉字古音手册》(增订本),发现:上古同一个韵部中,包括了相当多的中古同声母、同开合、同等而读音有区别的韵或韵类。这跟中古汉语的'重韵'含义不同,可以称之为'上古韵重现象'。上古韵重现象必须做出科学解释。本文在全面搜集整理材料的基础上,论证:上古唇舌齿喉(包括中古牙音)都有甲乙两类三等韵,中古的重纽是上古甲乙两类三等韵的继承和发展,中古的重纽三等韵不能机械地上推到上古;上古一二等韵可能也要各分甲乙两类,四等只有一类。只有这样,才能解释清楚上古韵母到中古的发展演变。以此音类区分为基础,本文对上古韵部和韵母的构拟提出了新的系统。

Based on Hanzi Guyin Shouce(《汉字古音手册》)(Revised Edition) by Guo Xiliang(郭锡良), it is found that in the same rhyme group of Old Chinese, there are quite a few rhymes or rhyme categories which are of identical initial, kaihe(开合)and division but different pronunciations in Middle Chinese. This phenomenon is different from chongyun(重韵)in Middle Chinese, thus it can be named as the yunchong(韵重)phenomenon in Old Chinese. On the basis of comprehensive materials, it is argued that there are two types of division Ⅲ rhymes of labial, lingual, dental and guttural(including velar in Middle Chinese) initials in Old Chinese; the chongniu(重纽)phenomenon in Middle Chinese evolved from two types of division Ⅲ in Old Chinese, and the chongniu division Ⅲ rhymes cannot be analogized mechanically into Old Chinese; the division Ⅰ, Ⅱ rhymes may be divided into two types respectively, and there is only one type of division IV. Only in this way can we demonstrate how the rhymes evolved from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese. Based on the division of rhymes, we put forward a new system of the reconstruction of rhyme groups and finals in Old Chinese.