道教的生命忧患与休闲追求

On Taoist Anxiety of Life and Pursuit of Leisure

强烈的生命忧患意识是道教休闲的前提和背景。道教的生命忧患主要表现在对死亡或生死的忧患,对生之难得安逸的忧患,最终都体现为身与心的和谐统一。因此,道教休闲以人的身心和谐为追求目标。此一目标既作为终极理想而存在的神仙层次,也是对应于现实人生的世间层次。神仙层次旨在解决死亡或生死忧患,世间层次旨在解决欲望忧患。两个层次是目的与手段的矛盾统一。

A strong sense of life anxiety is the prerequisite and context of Taoist pursuit of leisure.The Taoist anxiety is mainly about death,or rather life and death,and the scarcity of leisure in life.To transcend the anxiety is to attain the harmony of body and mind.Therefore,Taoist pursuit of leisure is aimed at the body-and-mind harmony,which can be achieved at two different levels:the immortal level as the ultimate ideal,and the worldly level in practical life.The two levels are the unity of opposites between ends and means.