冯至《蛇》细读历史的细读——新诗细读式批评反思

A Close Reading of the Close Reading History of Feng Zhi's Poem “Snake”:A Reflection on Close Reading Criticism of New Poetry

对于冯至的诗歌名作《蛇》是否是"色情诗"的评价,专家学者与普通读者、官方与民间、纸质媒体与网络媒体差异较大。在解读中,需要还原这首诗的真实面目,肯定原作比改作优秀,特别要肯定它的"色情"价值和它在"诗的心理精神治疗"中的作用。同时,考察《蛇》的细读史,不难发现新诗细读是一个文学生产场,是文学传播中塑造经典的重要方式,受到知识、权力、伦理等政治文化因素影响,解读"场域"决定着解读者的言说方式、言说内容甚至言说效果。为此,应该在美学阅读与历史阅读、本质主义与关系主义的和谐互动下确立有"中国特色"和"当下特色"的新诗细读式批评,重视解读生态和解读伦理,强调将科学意识和文学敏感、文本细读法和知人论世法结合,突出意象细读。

Between scholars and the ordinary readers,professional assessment and nonofficial reading,and between the print and web media,opinions are widely divided on whether Feng Zhi's poem 'Snake'is pornographic or not.In our interpretation we need to restore the true spirit of the poem to see the excellency of the original over its parodies and slanted clones.We need especially to see its value of being aporn poem with therapeutic functions.Examination of the close reading history of this poem reveals that close reading of new poetry is literary reproduction,an important means of creating classics in literary communication,and a process voluntary to the sway of knowledge,power,ethics,and other political and social factors,with the mode of speaking,the content of speech,and even the effect of speaking decided by the 'interpretive field'.It is necessary,therefore,to establish a new close reading appreciation of new poetry with'Chinese characteristics'and'Present Features'through harmonious interactions with Aesthetic reading,Historical reading,Essentialism and Relationism.Such an approach lays an emphasis on interpretative ecology,on the combination of science and literary sensibility,and on the relation of text,author and his social context.The focus of this approach is close reading review of imagery in the poem.