简析汉语四字格成语的六种固定格式——以《中国成语大辞典:辞海版》(新一版)为例

Six Fixed Formats in Chinese Four Character Idioms Collected in Chinese Idioms Dictionary,Cihai New Edition

成语是我们日常生活中经常使用到的、耳熟能详的习语。由于"四字格"是作为汉语文化的经典形式,符合了汉民族"以偶为佳"、"以四言为正"的审美心理,所以在所有的成语中主要是以四字格的成语占绝大多数。有的四字格成语有一些固定的格式,在成语的总量中占有一定的比例。通过具体的数据分析总结,可把这几种常见的四字格成语格式划分为ABAC、AABC、ABCC、AABB、ABCB、ABCA这6种。而讨论出现这四字格成语的六种固定格式这种现象、各自的特点及其形成的原因,对汉语研究很有意义。

Four character idioms are a typical specimen of Chinese culture as they conform to the aesthetical principles of 'even is better' and 'four words are conventional'.The largest part of Chinese idioms falls under this category.Our study concluded six patterns in commonly used four word idioms,viz,ABAC,AABC,ABCC,AABB,ABCB,and ABCA.Each type is then analyzed to find out their characteristics and genesis.