失落的“老农”:乡村振兴背景下的中国农政史考察

The Lost “Old Farmers”: An Investigation of the History of Chinese Agricultural Administration under the Background of Rural Rejuvenation

"老农"是一个重要的农政概念,但也是一个被长期忽视的学术话题。"老农"主要是指年老且农业生产经验丰富的农民,在古代农业生产、乡村治理等方面曾起到重要作用,是一个具有较高权威的农民群体。"老农"的地位和价值在古今比较中呈现出较大差异,在中国古代有诸多朝代的执政者强调发挥"老农"在农业生产中的价值,并以法律的形式固定下来,给予了较高的政治地位和经济待遇,比如汉、北魏、宋、元、清等,然而新时期"老农"的价值被忽视,并长期被当作是一个阻碍农村发展的社会问题加以对待。因此,本文基于中国农政史视角,对我国古代有关"老农"的农业政策及其演变加以梳理和考察,旨在说明"老农"在我国古代农业政策中具有重要的价值和地位,并强调重新审视"老农"、尊重"老农"的价值,不让"老农"在农业政策方面陷入"失落"境地,是进一步有序、稳妥推进我国乡村振兴战略的一个关键环节,即应当将"老农"纳入我国乡村振兴战略范畴,进一步完善我国"老农"农业政策。

'Old farmers' is an important concept of agricultural administration, but it is also an academic topic that has long been ignored. 'Old farmers' mainly refer to farmers who are old and have rich experience in agricultural production.They had played an important role in ancient agricultural production and rural governance, and were a group of farmers with high authority. Comparison of the status and value of 'old farmers' between ancient and modern times shows great differences. In ancient China, the rulers of many dynasties emphasized the value of 'old farmers' in agricultural production, and fixed them in the form of law, giving higher political status and economic treatment, such as the Han, Northern Wei, Song, Yuan, and Qing dynasties. However, in the new era, the value of 'old farmers' has been neglected, and they have long been treated as a social problem that hinders rural development. Therefore, based on the perspective of Chinese agricultural administration history, this paper sorts out the ancient agricultural policies of 'old farmers' in ancient China, aiming to show that 'old farmers' have important value in ancient agricultural policies in China. In modern times, we need to re-examine 'old farmers' and respect their value, so as not to let them fall into a lost position in the agricultural policy, which is a key link to further promote the rural revitalization strategy in China. That is, we should incorporate 'old farmers' into the scope of China’s rural revitalization strategy and further improve the 'old farmers' agricultural policy.