现实主义小说的边界——兼论《剑桥俄罗斯经典小说指南》

The Borders of Realist Novel——With a Discussion on The Cambridge Companions to the Classic Russian Novel

罗杰·加洛蒂在论述"无边的现实主义"时表现出一种悖论:作品题材上突破和手法的更新使现实主义成为一个无边的概念,但也意味着它存在着种种可以超越的边界。在《剑桥俄罗斯经典小说指南》中,维克多·特拉斯除了从以上两种因素考察俄罗斯现实主义小说之外,还提及创作理念和文学体裁,它们使其形成了固定的疆域。然而,从俄罗斯文学史的角度来看,现实主义小说绝非封闭、静止的事物,而是一个开放和发展的体系,不断打破和拓展自身的边界,实现自我更新和自我调整。

The paradox of Roger Garaudy’s discussion on 'Realism without Borders' lies in that the breakthrough of subject matter and technical innovation lead realism to be a borderless concept, but meanwhile, they imply that there exist various borders for realism to cross. In The Cambridge Companion to the Classic Russian Novel, Victor Terras investigated the history of Russian realist novel from the above-mentioned factors, as well as the notion of writing and literary genres, which formed the fixed territory. However, Russian realist novel is not something closed or stationary, but an open and developing system, which break through and expand its borders thus realizing self-renewal and self-correction.