晚清碑学背景下的词势论

The Shi Theory of Ci under the Background of Tablet-calligraphy in Late Qing Dynasty

"势"的基本义为"力"与"灵"。汉唐文论中已确立其基本内涵,并为词势的繁荣埋下种子。千年之后,"势"随着晚清碑学的兴起而流行,进而渗入词中重获新生。碑学对词论的影响路径呈三个阶段:受其审美熏陶,词笔势论上强调"矫"基础上的健与奇;受其技法影响,词语势论上重视蕴藉前提下的取势;受其思维熏染,词评呈"线性"与"布白性"特点。碑词之"势"的兴起潜在地回应着晚清复古求存的精神。

The basic attributes of'Shi'are'power'and'flexible',the basic connotations of which had been established in the literary theory of Han and Tang Dynasties,thus planting seeds for the prosperity of Ci.Thousands of years later,'Shi'became popular with the rise of tablet-calligraphy in the late Qing Dynasty,and then penetrated into Ci to regain its new life.There are three stages in the influence of stele theory on Ci theory.First of all,influenced by the aesthetics of stele theory,it emphasizes'energetic'and'peculiar'on the basis of'flexible'in the theory of gesture.Secondly,influenced by the techniques of stele theory,it attaches great importance to taking advantage of Shi under the premise of implication.Finally,influenced by the thinking of calligraphy,criticism of Ci in the late Qing Dynasty was characterized by'linearity'and'spatiality'.The rise of'Shi'in inscriptions on tablets is a potential response to the spirit of restoring the ancients to survive in the late Qing Dynasty.