2000～2010年淄博市5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料分析

Analysis on Mortality Surveillance Among Children Aged under 5 Years,Zibo City,2000-2010

[目的]了解淄博市5岁以下儿童的死亡率及其变化趋势、主要致死原因,制定相关措施以降低儿童死亡率。[方法]对2000～2010年淄博市5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行分析。[结果]2000～2010年淄博市累计活产416 542人,新生儿死亡1 947例,婴儿死亡2 599例,5岁以下儿童死亡3 076例,平均新生儿死亡率为4.67‰,婴儿死亡率为6.24‰,5岁以下儿童死亡率为7.38‰。3种死亡率2010年均较2000年明显下降(P<0.01)。3种死亡率,2000～2002年、2005～2007年城区均低于农村(P<0.01或<0.05),2003、2004、2008、2009年城区与农村的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2010年新生儿死亡率城区高于农村(P<0.05),婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率城区与农村的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3 076例5岁以下儿童死亡中,死因居前5位的依次为早产和低出生体重(578例)、先天性心脏病(434例)、出生窒息(395例)、肺炎(221例)、意外窒息(101例);可避免死亡的占3.03%,创造条件可避免死亡的占33.16%,不可避免死亡的占63.81%。[结论]淄博市5岁以下儿童死亡率呈下降趋势。

[Objective]To understand the trend of mortality and the leading cause of the deaths among children under 5 years old in Zibo city,put forward corresponding interventional measures,in order to reduce the mortality of children under 5 years old.[Methods]The data of mortality surveillance of children aged under 5 years of Zibo city during 2000-2010 were analyzed.[Results]The cumulative live births in Zibo city during 2000-2010 were 416 542 cases,of which neonatal deaths were 1 947 cases,infant death were 2 599 cases,3 076 children aged under 5 years old were dead.The average mortality rate of neonatal was 4.67‰,the mortality rate of infant was 6.24‰,the mortality rate of the children aged under 5 years old was 7.38‰.These three mortalities in 2010 were all lower than 2000 obviously(P<0.05).These three mortalities in urban areas were lower than rural areas in 2000-2002,2005-2007,and the differences had statistical significances.These three mortalities in urban areas were also lower than rural areas in 2003,2004,2007,2008,but the differences didn't have statistical significances.The mortality of neonatal in urban areas was higher than rural areas in 2010,and the differences had statistical significances(P>0.05),but the mortality of infant and children aged under 5 years didn't have differences in urban and rural areas(P<0.05).The top five causes of 3076 deaths aged under 5 years old were premature delivery and low birth weight(578 cases),congenital heart disease(434 cases),birth asphyxia(395 cases),unexpected asphyxia(221 cases) and intracranial hemorrhage(101 cases).3.03% of the death could be avoided,33.16% of the death could be avoided by improving the medical conditions.63.81% of the death couldn't be avoided.[Conclusion]The trend of the mortality of children under five years old is down year by year in Zibo city.