2005～2017年句容市狂犬病流行病学分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of rabies,Jurong city,2005-2017

目的了解句容市狂犬病发病流行规律,评价通过规范狂犬病暴露处置和疫苗接种的防控效果。方法应用描述流行病学方法对2005～2017年句容市发生的14例狂犬病病人流行病学个案调查资料和防控效果进行整理分析。结果2005～2017年句容市共报告14例狂犬病临床诊断病例,年均报告发病率为0.32/10万,男∶女=3.66∶1;发病年龄为19～78(49.92±19.69)岁,其中51～岁组发病最多(6例、42.85%),其次为41～岁组(3例、21.43%);患者中农民11例(78.58%),学生、民工和商贩各1例(7.14%);南部乡镇发生9例(64.28%);4～10月发病11例(78.58%)。13例患者被犬咬伤,1例咬伤史不明。潜伏期11～90d共13例(92.85%),发病后3～6d死亡,死亡率为100.00%。暴露后未规范处置伤口12例(85.71%),未接种狂犬病疫苗13例(92.85%)。结论句容市及周边存在家养犬携带狂犬病毒;被犬咬伤后,不规范处置伤口和不接种狂犬病疫苗是发病的主要因素。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Jurong city,and evaluate the prevention and control effects of standard treatment and vaccination. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological investigation data and the effects of prevention and control of 14 rabies cases in Jurong city during 2005-2017. Results A total of 14 clinical diagnosed rabies cases were reported in Jurong city during 2005-2017,with average annual incidence of 0.32/10~5,the ratio of male to female was 3.66:1;the age of cases were 19-78(49.92±19.69)years,most cases concentrated in age group of 51-60(6 cases,42.85%),followed by age group of 41-50(3 cases,21.43%);cases including 11 farmers(78.58%),1 student(7.14%),1 migrant worker(7.14%) and 1 trader(7.14%);there were 9 cases(64.28%) occurred in southern villages and towns;11 cases(78.58%) occurred during April-October.There were 13 patients bitten by dogs,bite history of 1 case was unknown.The incubation period of 13 cases(92.85%)ranged 11-90 d,death occurred in 3-6 d after onset,with mortality of 100.00%.The wound of 12 cases(85.71%) was not properly treated after exposure,and 13 cases(92.85%)were not vaccinated after exposure. Conclusion There are domestic dogs with rabies virus in Jurong city and the surrounding areas;Do not treat wounds properly and out of rabies vaccination are the main causes of rabies after being bitten by dogs.