2017年济南市空气细颗粒物质量浓度和金属及类金属元素变化趋势分析

Analysis on changing trends of fine particles concentration and metal and metalloid elements in air fine particles,Jinan city,2017

目的了解济南市2017年空气细颗粒物质量浓度和金属及类金属元素变化趋势,为开展大气环境污染治理提供相应的数据支持。方法根据济南市空气污染的特征,于2017年每月的10～16日使用中流量PM2.5采样器采集大气细颗粒物,采用重量法和超声提取-ICP/MS分析细颗粒物浓度和其中的金属及类金属元素浓度。结果 2017年济南市细颗粒物质量浓度为16.01～221.12μg/m^3,2、3、4季度(65.60、54.83、58.39μg/m^3)低于1季度(109.90μg/m^3),1、2月最高(128.95、100.79μg/m^3),5、7月最低(45.43、43.43μg/m^3),日均超标率为34.09%。金属及类金属元素中占比最高的是铝(71.51%)、铅(11.93%)、锰(7.58%),其全年趋势与细颗粒物质量浓度基本保持一致。结论济南市细颗粒质量浓度和金属及类金属元素浓度呈逐渐降低的趋势。

Objective To understand the changing trends of fine particles concentration and metal and metalloid elements in air fine particles in Jinan city,2017,so as to provide the data support for air pollution control. Methods According to the regional characteristics of air pollution in Jinan,fine particulate matter(PM2.5) was collected by flow PM2.5 sampler during 10th-16th of each month in 2017.The concentration of fine particles and metal and metalloid elements in fine particles were analyzed by gravimetry and ultrasonic extraction-ICP/MS. Results In 2017,the concentration of fine particles in Jinan was 16.01μg/m^3-221.12μg/m^3;it in the second,third and fourth quarter(65.60μg/m^3,54.83μg/m^3 and 58.39μg/m^3 respectively)was lower than the first quarter(109.90μg/m^3).The concentration peaked in January and February(128.95μg/m^3 and 100.79μg/m^3),while dropped to annual low in May and July(45.43μg/m^3 and 43.43μg/m^3);the daily average rate exceeding the standard was 34.09%.The highest proportion of metal and metalloid elements were aluminum(71.51%),lead(11.93%),and manganese(7.58%),with basically same trend to the mass concentration. Conclusion The concentration of fine particles and metal and metalloid elements show a decrease trend.