2007～2016年沈阳市突发公共卫生事件流行病学与监测质量分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and reporting quality of public health emergencies,Shenyang city,2007-2016

目的了解沈阳市突发公共卫生事件流行特征和监测情况,为制定和调整防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2007～2016年沈阳市网络直报系统中突发公共卫生事件报告的数据进行分析,并根据定义监测指标评估事件监测报告质量。结果 2007～2016年沈阳市报告突发公共卫生事件142起,发病6 830例,死亡34例,罹患率为0.54%(6 830/1 264 189);事件报告主要集中在城区(92起、64.79%),报告起数和发病例数最多的为3～6月(66起、46.48%,5 259例、77.00%)和11、12月(45起、31.69%,922例、13.50%);以传染病事件为主(130起、91.55%);71.13%(101起)事件发生于学校及托幼机构。事件监测敏感性中位数为1.62 h,控制时效中位数为27.49 d,相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论沈阳市近10年突发公共卫生事件以传染病事件为主,多在冬春季发生,学校和托幼机构是防控突发事件的重点场所。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and monitoring situation of public health emergencies in Shenyang city,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating and adjusting prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the public health emergencies reported in direct network report system in Shenyang city during 2007-2016,and the reporting quality was evaluated by defined monitoring indicators.Results A total of 142 events were reported in Shenyang city during 2007-2016,with 6 830 cases and 34 deaths,the attack rate was 0.54%(6 830/1 264 189).The events were concentrated in the urban area(92 events,64.79%).The highest number of reported events and cases occurred in March-June(66 events,46.48%;5 259 cases,77.00%)and November-December(45 events,31.69%;922 cases,13.50%).Events were mainly infectious diseases(130 events,91.55%);71.13%(101 events)of events occurred in schools and childcare institutions.The median of monitoring sensitivity was 1.62 h,and it of control-time was 27.49 d,with no statistically significant difference in correlation(P>0.05).Conclusion The public health emergencies are mainly infectious diseases in Shenyang city,mostly occurred in winter and spring.Schools and childcare institutions are the critical places for prevention and control of public health emergencies.