2017、2018年山东省某三甲医院呼吸内科患者流感知识行为调查

Survey on knowledge and behavior of influenza among hospital patients in respiratory department of a third-grade hospital,Shandong province,2017-2018

目的了解山东省某三甲医院呼吸内科门急诊患者对流感基本认知、行为的掌握程度和流感疫苗接种情况。方法自行设计问卷,采取横断面研究,于2017、2018年选取在呼吸内科就诊并配合调查的患者进行调查。结果调查386例患者,回收有效问卷382份,应答率为98.96%。382例中男性198例(51.83%)、女性184例(48.17%);年龄为5～80(39.55±40.45)岁。有79.04%(264例)知道流感,流感症状知晓率前3位依次为:发热(268例、80.24%)、咳嗽(210例、62.87%)、流涕(182例、54.49%);流感传播途径知晓率前3位依次为:咳嗽、打喷嚏(173例、51.8%)、面对面交谈(78例、23.35%)、接触空气(57例、17.07%)。每天洗手4～9次占比最多,为42.93%(164例)。10次洗手时使用肥皂4～9次为34.55%(132例)。咳嗽或打喷嚏时遮掩口鼻,10次的占57.33%(219例)。近1个月,到公共场所次数≥10次占51.31%(196例)。去公共场所戴口罩从不戴的占57.59%(220例)。疫苗接种率为28.80%(110例),其中女性占60.00%(66例),不同性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);家务及其他接种率最高(12例、85.71%),不同职业分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);21～40岁、大学及以上接种率更高(52例、47.27%,64例、58.18%),不同年龄、文化程度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未接种流感疫苗原因前3位依次为:身体好不需要接种者(114例、29.84%),周围人不接种者(98例、24.65%),担心疫苗不良反应(72例、18.85%)。结论患者对流感症状知识认知需要加强,对传播途径认知存在误区,流感自我保护意识薄弱。流感疫苗接种率低。

Objective To understand the cognition of influenza,the mastering degree of influenza behavior and the situation of influenza vaccination among the outpatients and emergency patients in the respiratory department of a third-grade hospital in Shandong province.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a cross-sectional study.Patients who visited respiratory department of the hospital with high compatibility were surveyed during 2017-2018.Results A total of 386 patients were surveyed,and 382 valid questionnaires were recovered,with the response rate of 98.96%.Among the 382 patients,there were 198 males(51.83%)and 184 females(48.17%),aged from 5 to 80(39.55±40.45)years.Among them,79.04%(264 cases)of patients were aware of influenza.The top 3 influenza symptoms were fever(268 cases,80.24%),cough(210 cases,62.87%)and runny nose(182 cases,54.49%).The top 3 influenza transmission the respondents knew were cough and sneeze(173 cases,51.8%),face-to-face conversation(78 cases,23.35%),and exposure to air(57 cases,17.07%).The rate of washing hands 4-9 times per day was the highest,accounting for 42.93%(164 cases).The rate of using soap 4-9 times among washing hands 10 times was 34.55%(132 cases).People covered nose and mouth each time when coughing or sneezing accounted for 57.33%(219 cases).In the past 1 month,people who visited public places≥10 times accounted for 51.31%(196 cases),and who never wore masks in public places accounted for 57.59%(220 cases).The vaccination rate was 28.80%(110 cases),among which 60.00%(66 cases)were female.The vaccination rate of domestic workers was the highest(12 cases,85.71%),and the difference among occupations was statistically significant(P<0.01).People aged 21-40 years old,education level of university or above had the higher vaccination rate(52 cases,47.27%;64 cases,58.18%),there was no significant difference among ages and education levels(P>0.05).The top 3 reasons of lack of influenza vaccination were as follows:the respondents thought they were in good health so did not need to be vaccinated(114 cases,29.84%),people around the respondents were not vaccinated(98 cases,24.65%),and worried about adverse reactions(72 cases,18.85%).Conclusion Patients should strengthen the knowledge about influenza symptoms,and they have misunderstandings about the ways of transmission and weak sense of self-protection.Influenza vaccination rate is low.