低温作业分级标准的研究 Ⅰ.现场调查研究

A Study of classified standards of work in the environment with low temperature Ⅰ. Field investigation

对我国南北方50多个冷(冰)库900多低温作业工人及常温库工人的调查研究发现,低温作业工人肌肉关节系统疾患率大于10%的主要是膝关节痛、腰痛和肩关节痛;主要冷感部位为膝、手和脚,冷感率均大于50%;总冻伤率大于10%;手指血流图有显著改变;手操作效率明显下降,调研结果说明,目前我国低温作业工人的冷职业危害严重,直接损害工人健康,建议国家有关部门加强低温作业工人的防寒保暖措施,保障工人健康,以提高劳动生产率。

This investigation included more than 900 workers working in more than 50 storages with low temperature and the storages with normal temperature. The results of this investigation showed that among the workers exposed to low temperature, the rates of pain feeling appeared at knee, low back and in shoulder joint were more than 10%. The rates of cold feeling were more than 50%. The main body parts with cold feeling were knee, hands and feet; Total rate of frostbite was more than 10%; Rheolimbgram had changed obviously; The efficiency of hand operation decreased significantly. Results of this study illustrated that the occupational cold hazards on the workers exposed to low temperature were serious and cold hazard caused damage to the workers health. Therefore the authors suggest that the measures of prevention on cold and keeping warm for the workers exposed to low temperature promoted by relevant aspect of the authorities should be enhanced, in order to protect the workers' health and increasing the productive rate.