高温高湿环境颅脑火器伤脑组织病理变化研究

Experimental study on the pathological changes of dog' s brain after craniocerebral firearm injuries in a hot and humid environment

目的研究高温高湿环境颅脑火器伤后脑组织病理学的改变,方法选用杂种狗6只,在高温高湿环境下采用国产54式军用手枪,7.62mm手枪弹,枪口距动物30 cm远,于狗额部冠状方向致狗脑火器伤。伤后脑组织大体病理及切片进行光、电镜下形态学变化观察。结果脑组织挫伤出血,神经毯疏松,神经胶质细胞肿胀,白质内大量轴索损伤;脑血管周围间隙明显增宽和脑内血管痉挛表现;皮层下细胞存在液化坏死,皮层细胞空泡变性及坏死;外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血。结论高温高湿环境颅脑火器伤白质内轴突损伤严重,除原发伤道区、挫伤区和震荡区外,枪伤可引起皮层神经细胞的反弹性损害和皮层下组织细胞的挤压性破坏。

Objective To analyze the pathological changes of dog' s brain caused by craniocerebral firearm injuries in a hot and humid environment. Mothods In a hot and humid environment, 6 cross-bred dogs were gunshot by '54'type pistol with bullets of 7.62 mm diameter at a distance of 30 cm in coronary direction to make craniocerebral firearm injuries. The pathological changes of brain tissue were observed. Results There was contusion and hemorrhage in brain tissue, rarefaction of nerve blanket, swelling in neuroglial cells and axonal injury in white matter; widening of the space around brain blood vessels and spasm of these vessels; liquefaction necrosis in subcortical cells; traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conclusion In a hot and humid environment, craniocerebral firearm wound may cause serious axonal injury in white matter, and rebound damages in cortex nerve cell and crush injury under cortex except primary wound path, contuse section and concussion lesion.