语义焦点

Semantic FocusSemantic Focus

一般地说,印欧语比汉语更多使用语法手段,表达焦点敏感算子与焦点词语的语义关系方面恰恰相反,印欧语用语音表达,汉语反而用句法表达,算子浮动到尽可能接近焦点的位置,而且还要受到成分统制和区域性条件等句法限制。这说明汉语也受句法制约,虽然不表现在反身代词约束等方面,至少表现在焦点关联方面。

Generally,Indo-European languages use more syntactic devices than Chinese.The semantic relation between the focus-sensitive operator and the focused expression is an exception.It is realized phonologically in Indo-European languages but syntactically in Chinese,in which the operator floats as close to the focus as possible,subject to certain structural conditions such as c-command and locality.It shows that such syntactic constraints do exist in Chinese,at least in focus association,though not in reflexive binding,etc.