上古同部重出三等韵的元音长短区分

Long Vowels and Short Vowels in the Coexistence of 3rd Division Rhymes in Archaic Chinese

中古三等韵绝大多数来自上古短元音。一般说上古每韵部或每小部(韵类)除非声母条件互补,依规则只有一个短元音来的三等韵。但在声母为以母1>j及声母带垫音j两个条件下,也有部分由长元音转来的三等韵字,从而在上古鱼铎阳三部及歌、盍、之、幽诸部形成同部三等字重出现象。本文从这两个声母条件加长元音的变化,解释了这些韵部中的麻三、清、昔韵与鱼阳药韵对立,齐、咍、盍韵出现三等字,幽部'舀陶'读宵韵与尤韵对立,'寅'归真韵而'演'变仙韵等长期令人困惑问题。

The Ancient Chinese rhymes of 3rd division are mostly derived from the Archaic Chinese short vowels.In Archaic Chinese every rhyme group or rhyme generally has one short vowel according to the phonological rule,except the case of the complementary distribution of its initials.But in the cases when the initial consonant is Yi(以*l->j-)or when initials are followed by the medial-j-,some long vowels can also develop into the rhymes of 3rd division.That is why the Archaic Chinese rhyme groups*a(鱼),*ak(铎)and*an(阳)bear the characters of the same 3rd division as the rhyme groups*al(歌),*ab(盍),*w(之)and*u(幽)do.