上古汉语的韵尾*-l与*-r:侗台语佐证

On the Tai Evidence for the Reconstruction of *-l and *-r

潘悟云(2007)根据前汉诗人用韵,通过汉藏语的比较,以及汉语自身的内部证据和古代韩国汉字的读音,采纳了龚煌城(1993)的意见,认为上古汉语的歌部韵尾为-1。带韵尾-1的同时还有微、脂部的一部分阴声字。潘文还从谐声系统和汉语方言内部的材料,以及早期梵汉对音和早期日本汉字译音,推测早期上古汉语同时存在-r韵尾。在现代方言中,这类韵尾已经变为-n。本文拟在为潘文提供侗台语方面的佐证。在侗台语里,尤其是台语支,有相当一部分歌部字以及脂、微部阴声字带韵尾-j。饶有趣味的是,台语北部方言的石家话还保留着韵尾-1,跟其他方言的-n对应。这类字可以和上古汉语的-r韵尾字对应。这种对应可以在仡央语族的拉哈语以及藏缅语里找到平行的例证。

This paper presents evidence from Tai for the reconstruction of final*-l and*-r for Old Chinese as posited by Pan(2007),who based his reconstructions on internal evidence from modern Chinese dialects and Sino-Korean,from xiesheng series in earlier written sources,as well as Chinese transliterations of Sanskrit loans and early Sino-Japanese pronunciations.Synchronic evidence from the Saek language,a Northern Tai language which preserves the archaic final-1,is also presented.This has shed new lights on the constructions of Old Chinese initials and Proto-Sino-Tibetan.