湘语舌齿音声母的格局与历史演变

The Pattern of Apico-dental initials and Their Historical Development in Xiang Dialect

湘语的舌齿音声母格局比较复杂。精组有两类读音,其中舌尖音为早期形式,舌面音为后起形式。现代湘语知、庄、章三组的格局是:知二与庄组合流,知三与章组合流。在知二与庄组中,舌面音应为后起形式,舌尖音为早期形式,不过理论上更早期的形式应为卷舌音声母。知三与章组读音类型很多,情况最复杂,其中舌面音应为早期形式,其他各类音是后来的变化。而塞音的读法并非古音的保留,而是晚期塞擦音的塞化。

The pattern of apico-dental initials in Xiang dialect is rather complicated.They are two types of pronunciation in Group Jing(精):the apical initials are earlier than the palatals.Among the Middle Chinese initial Groups of Zhi(知),Zhuang(庄)and Zhang(章),the second degree of Group Zhi(知)has mixed with Group Zhuang(庄)in Xiang Dialect,and the palatals are earlier than the apical initials,but the retroflex initials are the earliest in theory.The third degree of Group Zhi(知)has mixed with Group Zhang(章).The pronunciations of this species are more complicated and in which the palatals are the earlier forms,other types are subsequent varieties.The plosives are not the residue of Old Chinese but the plosivation of affricates in later times.