摘要
本文首先说明新一期普通话审音工作所依据的五条原则及其用于入声字定音所遇到的困难;然后统计分析元代以来有关北方通语或北京音的六部重要韵书(《中原音韵》《蒙古字韵》《合并字学篇韵便览》《李氏音鉴》《音韵逢源》《京音字汇》)所记录的入声字韵母异读和声调异读,并结合社会因素的变迁分析这些异读历时变化的原因和趋向;之后再考察当前在广大官话方言中入声异读的不同类型及各种异读类型在地域分布上的广狭,并进一步分析地域分布广狭与文献所反映的历时变化趋向的关联;最后是对审音工作如何处理中古入声字异读的一点思考。
Firstly,this paper illustrates the five principles of the examination of Putonghua pronunciations,and shows that these principles are difficult to apply to the ancient rushengcharacters.Secondly,the paper analyzes the variant finals and variant tones of rusheng characters in six important rhyme books about the pronunciation of Northern Common Language or Beijing dialect since Yuan Dynasty,which are,Zhongyuan Yinyun(《中原音韵》),Menggu Ziyun(《蒙古字韵》),Hebing Zixue Pian Yun Bianlan(《合并字学篇韵便览》),Lishi Yinjian(《李氏音鉴》),Yinyun Fengyuan(《音韵逢源》),Jingyin Zihui(《京音字汇》).Furthermore,combining the social factors,the paper analyzes the causes and the tendencies of these variant pronunciation changes.Thirdly,the paper examines the different types of rusheng variant pronunciations in Mandarin dialects and their geographical distributions,and analyzes the relationship between regional distribution and the historical change mentioned in previous literature.At the end of the paper,it puts forward some reflections on how to deal with the examination of rusheng characters.
作者
王洪君
WANG Hongjun(Department of Chinese Language and Literature&Center for Chinese Linguistics,Peking University)
出处
《语言规划学研究》
2016年第1期3-22,共20页
Journal of Language Planning
基金
“晚清民国时期北京话系统及探源研究”(11WYA001)
“清末民初北京话系统研究”(11JJD740006)
“审音原则的制定和《普通话异读词审音表》的修订”三个基金项目的资助
关键词
普通话
入声字韵母异读
清入字声调异读
Putonghua
variant pronunciations of the finals of rusheng characters
variant tones of voiceless rusheng characters