谈语体规划和我国的言文一致运动

A Discussion of Register Planning and the Speaking Matching Writing Movements in China

语体是一种由交际中说话人和受话人之社会关系驱动而选择的语言体式。一个语体库藏有缺失的语言社群会出现某些社会关系没有语言体式可选择的情形,这一情形如果对语言生活造成了严重制约,那么就应该为这些社会关系规划新的语言体式。我国的言文一致运动包括清末语体改良运动、民国时期的白话文运动和新中国成立后的写话运动,不同历史阶段的社会关系在其背后起到了关键的驱动作用。言文一致将是汉语长期遵守的原则,但典雅语体的缺失也是当代汉语语体规划应该十分关注的问题。

Register refers to a language form selected according to the social relation between a speaker and a listener in interpersonal communication. In a language community deficient in the register inventory, some social relations may have no proper register for selection. If such case leads to serious restriction on language life, it will be necessary to plan new registers for these social relations. The Speaking Matching Writing Movements in China involve the Register Improvement Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, the May Fourth Vernacular Movement and the Colloquial Writing Movement after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Social relations at different historical stages played a crucial role in motivating these movements. The Chinese language will follow the principle of 'Speaking Matching Writing' for a long term. In addition, it is also necessary to pay considerable attention to the deficiency of elegant register in contemporary Chinese register planning.