中华人民共和国扫盲教育政策发展研究

The Development of Literacy Education Policy of the PRC

通过开展扫盲教育,新中国的人口素质发生了天翻地覆的变化。从1949年到2010年,全国文盲人口从4.32亿减少到了0.55亿,全国文盲率从80%以上降到了4.08%,国家经济、文化发展终于有了坚实的基础;个人有了更多的机会获取新知,实现成长。新中国成立以来的扫盲教育政策在摸索和不断的试错中发展到了较为成熟的水平。本文梳理了新中国成立以来的扫盲教育政策,总结并分析了不同阶段扫盲教育政策的特点,以期为我国当前的母语教育政策提供参考和借鉴。

Through literacy education, the quality of Chinese population has been improved significantly. From 1949 to 2010, the illiterate population decreased from 432 million to 55 million, and the illiteracy rate decreased from above 80% to 4.08%. A solid foundation for the development of economy and culture has formed. Moreover, individuals have more opportunities to acquire knowledge and achieve personal growth. The literacy education policy has been optimized during the continuous exploration and trial. This article reviews the literacy education policy since the founding of the PRC and summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of different stages of the literacy education policy, in order to provide a reference for our current policy of mother tongue education.