“别”的代谓词和代句词功能及其叹词化

Bie as a pro-predicate and a pro-sentence and its interjectionization

针对学界对现代汉语否定词"别"的词性的认识分歧,本文着重讨论"别"的代谓词和代句词功能:其代谓词功能主要表现在它可以作谓语,可以带状语,其代句词功能主要表现在它可以单独成句,用作应答语,甚至有叹词化倾向。"别"用作代谓词和代句词,其核心功能是凸显说话人对交际对方某种言语或行为活动的祈使性否定意愿。文章指出,"别"用作副词、代谓词和代句词,几种用法在一定的语义和语用基础上,彼此有内在联系,但也有比较明确的分工。

Starting from grammarians’ disagreement on the grammatical properties of bie in Chinese, this paper discusses the functions of the word used as a pro-predicate and a pro-sentence respectively. As a pro-predicate, bie is a predicate in an imperative sentence, even having its own adverbials, while as a pro-sentence, it stands alone as an imperative sentence, even being interjectionized. The major function of bie as a pro-predicate or a pro-sentence is to express the speaker’ s strong unwillingness or negative imperative to the other party in the interaction. It is proposed that, on the similar semantic and pragmatic ground, bie could be categorized as an adverb, a pro-predicate or a pro-sentence in terms of its different occurrences in discourse.