论乾嘉学术的科学突破

On the breakthrough of the scientific thoughts in Qian-Jia Learning

中国学术有无自己发展的科学思想和理性思维,这是中国思想史上一大疑案;西方学者一般都持否定观点。本文提出:乾嘉文献语言研究中的"理必"之学或可回答这一学界向未认证的历史问题。文章从乾嘉考据学的成果上(以戴震、段玉裁、王念孙的学术贡献为主)揭示其"理必"思想,并指出:从乾嘉学者的文献语言研究中可以发掘出其"理性发明"的学术理路和实践。这种学术理路经全盘西化的五四文化运动之涤荡而几近销声匿迹。故而黄侃发出的"今发现之学兴,发明之学替"的学术范式转型之慨叹,对今天来说,更具特别之意义。

There has been a disputed case in Chinese intellectual history over the fact whether ancient Chinese scholars have developed the scientific thoughts and rationalism on their own.For this,western scholars have taken a negative view.It is proposed in this paper,however,that the Logic Certainty proposed by Qian-Jia scholars in their study of Textural Criticism can provide a positive answer for this question.We first review the achievements in the textology made by Dai Zhen,Duan Yucai and Wang Niansun and reveal the rational reasoning beneath all the achievements.We then point out that these scholars did hold the thought of Rational Reasoning and put it into practice in their studies of textual criticism.However,such a thought was affected by the May Fourth Movement and the New Culture Movement and almost disappeared.Therefore,Huang Kan,a famous scholar of Chinese philology,once remarked with pity that the academia in China experienced a shift from emphasizing logic deduction to emphasizing induction of facts.It is believed that a revisit of the scientific thoughts of Qian-Jia scholars will be significant for the academia of the present time.