汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

Causes of disfluency in Chinese L2 speech

本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象,以及学习者对导致自己说话不流利原因的回忆汇报,考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因,以此讨论第二语言认知流利度。文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素,并发现:导致非流利现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段,其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非流利现象产生的环节。二语能力不足是最主要原因,其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是否流利的关键。即使到了中高级阶段,母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响。形近字也有可能导致学习者说话不够流利,因为当学习者提取词汇信息时,汉字字形信息也会被调动起来。

The study reported in this paper investigated the disfluent phenomenon in Chinese L2 learners’speech.We addressed the question of what causes disfluency and discussed second language cognitive fluency.We summarized 22 types of factors that cause disfluency from the data.Four findings can be concluded in the study:cognitive activities that lead to disfluent speech can be found at different stages of language production,and among all the vulnerability points,accessing the mental lexicon is the one that causes disfluency most easily;most of the disfluencies are caused by second language incompetence,in which the ability of accessing words is the key to producing fluent speech;first language is found to strongly affect second language processing even for intermediate/advanced learners;Chinese characters that look similar can also affect speaking fluency,because the way that characters are written may be retrieved when learners are trying to access lexicon.