兼类说反思

Reflections on “Multi-Category” in Mandarin's Word Classes

朱德熙先生的词类观和他确立的汉语词类体系在汉语语法学界影响深远。本文认为,如果深入贯彻朱先生最主要的词类观,那么在汉语的词类划分体系当中,便不宜有兼类的概念。文章首先说明设立兼类词所依据的"数量原则"其实难以把握,进而从概括词和个体词关系、词类划分标准的确定和词性标注三个方面说明兼类概念带来的理论困境。我们认为,一旦确立"汉语词类和句法成分不是一一对应关系"这一重要原则,那么设置兼类便会多多少少和这一原则产生矛盾。

In line with Mr Zhu Dexi's insightful thoughts on Mandarin's word classes,this paper raises some doubts on the conception of “multi-category”from three perspectives:a)the relationship between word-type and word-token;b)the establishment of standards for word classes division;c) the annotation of word class in text.We believe that the conception of “multi-category”is inconsistent with the principle “Chinese word classes has no strict correspondence with the syntactic position”.