基于出土文献语料库的疑问代词{何}的用字定型过程研究

Research on the Formation Process in the Usage of the Interrogative Pronoun {He} Based on the Corpus of Excavated Manuscripts

文章基于相关出土文献语料库,从历时角度对疑问代词{何}的实际用字情况进行穷尽性的定量研究,考察其用字定型过程。出土文献中疑问代词{何}的书写形式经历了一个从'可'到'何'的用字选择过程。始见于春秋、战国时期数量巨大的疑问代词{何}普遍借用'可'来记录。最早在战国晚期、最迟在秦始皇二十六年,疑问代词{何}便开始借用'何'表示。到了西汉早期简帛文献中,疑问代词{何}已经迅速完成了从'可'到'何'的转换定型过程。二字使用频率和功能变化是转换的内在原因。

The paper carries out an exhaustively quantitative study on the interrogative pronoun{he}(何)from a diachronic point of view by investigating the formation of the literature characters based on the relevant corpus of excavated manuscripts like bronze inscription,Chu bamboo slips and silk scripts,Qin bamboo slips and Early Western Han dynasty’s literature.The written form of the interrogative pronoun{he}as found in the excavated manuscripts has experienced a shift from'ke'(可)to'he'in the selection process.The interrogative pronoun{he},which had come into being during the Spring and Autumn period and emerged in large numbers in the Warring States period,was widely recorded in the form of'ke'.At the earliest in the Late Warring States period and the latest in the twenty-sixth year of the rein of First Emperor of Qin,the form'he'began to be adopted to record the interrogative pronoun.As found in the early Western Han Dynasty’s literature,the conversion process from'ke'to'he'to denote the interrogative pronoun was complete during this period.The frequency of usage and function changes of these two characters are the inherent reasons for the conversion.