汉语存现句中谓词部分的逻辑语义分析

Logic Semantic Analysis Regarding Predicate of Existential Sentences in Chinese

汉语里表示什么地方出现、存在或消失什么东西常常用存现句的结构形式来表示,存现句中的动词后面常常用“着、了、过”等标记来表示存在、出现或消失等意义。但这些标记不是存现意义的唯一手段,也非传统语言学的方法和手段能描写和解释的。如果我们尝试着从形式语义学角度对汉语存现句中谓词部分的逻辑语义结构进行精细的描写和表示,也许更能全面地了解它的结构和意义。本文试图通过这样的尝试,探索汉语存现句中谓词特征的形式化处理问题。

In Chinese,the Existential Sentence is used for fordescribing the place where something appears,exists or disappears,which is presented by the verb of the sentence followed by“existing,finishing,or passing”.However,these marks are not the only way to convey the meaning of existence,neither do the description nor explanation in traditional linguistics.If we try to describe and indicate the logic semantic of the predicate in the Chinese existential sentence from the formal semantics aspect deliberately,we may get a more comprehensive understanding of its construction and meaning.Besides,we can do some researches on the formal disposing problem of the predicate characteristics in the Chinese existential sentence through this trial.