论语气词“吧”的主观性

Subjectivity of Particle“吧[pa4]”

吧”是普通话的基本语气词,功能复杂多样。本文以主观性理论为基础,从“人的活动”多样性角度看“吧”的不同功能,并据此讨论其“祈使”、“测度”、“委婉性”、“交互性”等功能和性质的区别与联系。从活动类型看,“吧”能参与构建多种活动,主要有两大类,一类是测度性活动,一类是祈使性活动。这些活动所带有的主观性会“迁移”到“吧”身上,使它具有测度性和祈使性。“吧”所构建的其他活动,则可能是这两大类活动的变化与发展。在两种主要活动中,“吧”发展出交互性和委婉性两种性质,其主观性更进一步,因为它们涉及到听说双方,具有交互性。

“吧”is a basic particle in Mandarin,and its function is complex and diverse.This article is based on Subjectivity Theory,we have observed the different functions of“吧”from“the diversity of people's activities”,and discussed the differences and relationships in nature and functions such as imperative,estimate,euphemism,and interaction.In activity types,“吧”can help to compose many activities,mainly including two:the estimate and the imperative.The subjectivity could be brought to“吧”.The other activities about“吧”could be the change and development of the two main activities.From those two activities,“吧”develops the interactivity and the euphemism,which has more subjectivity,because it involves the listener and the speaker,it is intersubjective.