疑问语气词“呢”的主观性与主观化

The Subjectivity and Subjectification of Interrogative Modal Particle “Ne(呢)”

本文研究普通话中疑问语气词'呢2'(区别于陈述语气词'呢1')的主观性和主观化问题。'呢2'具有表达主观性,这使它成为疑问语气词,它的认知主观性来源于'呢,'的状貌义,正是这一点使它区别于'吗';'呢'在句中的不同功能是'呢2'的进一步发展。共时主观化方面,我们认为是非问中的'呢'可能在'呢1'发展到'呢2'的过程中起了关键作用;历时主观化方面,我们梳理了一个从先秦的'尔',经过'那''聻''在''里''哩',最后到'呢'的复杂交织的过程。总的来看,从主观性角度出发,有助于我们认识'呢'的多样的性质和功能,从主观化角度出发,有助于我们梳理'呢'的复杂的发展过程。

This article studies the subjectivity and subjectification of interrogative particle'Ne2(呢2)'in Mandarin which is distinguished from declarative particle'Ne1(呢1)'.'Ne2'has expressive subjectivity which makes it become an interrogative modal particle,and its cognitive attribute originates from the appearance category of'Ne1'which distinguishes it from'Ma(吗)'.'Ne2'further extends different functions inserting a sentence.Its sources,which we call subjectification,include both synchronic and diachronic ones.On the former,we think that the'Ne1'in Yes or No Question probably plays a pivotal role on the way from'Ne1'to'Ne2'.On the latter,we reconstruct a complex process from'尔'in Pre-Qin,going through'那''聻''在''里''哩',finally to'Ne(呢)'.In short,the subjectivity point of view helps us understand more deeply the attributes and functions of'Ne2',and the subjectification point of view helps comprehend its complex diachronic process.