抽油机塔架的有限元建模及分析

Finite element analysis method for pumping unit framework

研究了抽油机塔架模型建立时塔架、底座、水泥基础等的处理方法;着重探讨了地基土力学特性和基础形状对抽油机晃动的影响,提出了建立模型时地基土与水泥基础的关系以及注意事项,为建立塔架等同类零件的有限元分析模型提供了理论指导;利用ANSYS 12.1软件平台,提出了将地基土抗压特性简化为弹性杆抗压特性的等效分析模型,分析了塔架在不同地基情况下的应力和位移。测试结果表明:各主腿测试结果与有限元分析结果规律基本一致,主腿有限元分析结果稍大于测试结果,原因是有限元分析建模时忽略了加强筋等细节结构,弹性地基土模型可靠。在弹性地基模型基础上,研究了不同风载和偏载等情况下的应力和位移,根据应力应变云图得出塔架最大应力应变点在顶部,由底座危险节点位移情况表明地基土一直处于受压状态,抽油机稳定。本文研究对抽油机塔架设计、水泥基础以及安装中地基土预处理提出了合理建议,为获取性价比较高的塔架设计方案提供了理论依据。

This paper studies the model construction methods for pumping tower, base and cement foundation and other elements, and focuses on the influence between the unit stability with the mechanical properties of the foundation soil and with the foundation shape. The relationship between the foundation soil and cement is found and what should pay attention to when the model is built is also proposed. Our research may provide theoretical guidance for other similar parts using finite element analysis model. On this basis, different modeling methods are used to analyze the stress and strain distributions of the tower in different foundations, wind load and partial load situations. According to the stress-strain contours, the load of various parts, and the location of the maximum stress, as well as the base risk nodal displacements are identified. Based on the obtained results, a suggestion is proposed for pumping tower design, cement foundation and pre-installation of the foundation soil, which provides a theoretical basis to obtain good cost-performance ration in tower design.