烟气对泥炭藓孢子萌发影响的模拟研究

Simulated study on the effects of smoke on Sphagnum spore germination

适量烟气能促进种子萌发,但对苔藓植物孢子的作用尚不清楚.选取采自长白山区泥炭地的粗叶泥炭藓和中位泥炭藓的孢蒴为试验材料,通过燃烧泥炭地植物产生烟气,制备烟溶液,分别与不同大小(大:直径为2.10～2.50 mm;小:直径为1.50～1.90 mm)以及不同保存时长(旧:4.3和6.3年;新:0.3年)的孢蒴进行两组双因素试验,经不同时长的烟溶液浸泡和萌发试验,模拟研究烟气、孢蒴大小和保存时长对苔藓植物孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:烟溶液浸泡影响孢子萌发,培养10 d时,不同时长的烟溶液浸泡均可使孢子的萌发率提高5倍以上,小孢蒴孢子的萌发率高;培养21 d时,仅适度浸泡(3 d)表现出促进萌发的作用,孢蒴大小对孢子萌发率无影响;烟溶液浸泡对长时间保存(4.3和6.3年)的孢蒴孢子萌发无促进作用.研究表明,适量烟气可加速新泥炭藓孢子以及小孢蒴孢子的萌发.在存在不定期火烧干扰的泥炭地中,与对种子植物的作用类似,烟气可能在苔藓植物种群的有性更新和种群维持中发挥重要作用.

Moderate smoke could facilitate seed germination,but its effects on bryophyte spore germination is still unknown. Here,we analyzed the effects of smoke,capsule size and storage time on the spore germination of Sphagnum squarrosum and S. magellanicum,with the capsules of which being collected from two peatlands of the Changbai Mountains. The smoke solution prepared by burning peatland plants was combined with the capsules with different sizes( large,2.10-2.50 mm in diameter;small,1.50-1.90 mm in diameter) and storage time( old,being stored for 4.3 or 6.3a;new,being stored for 0. 3 a) to conduct a factorial experiment. The spores were soaked with smoke solution for different durations and then cultured for germination. The results showed that smoke solution affected spore germination. After 10 d cultivation,germination rate of spores soaking with smoke solution for all duration was increased by more than 5-fold,with the small spores having higher germination rate. After 21 d cultivation,the facilitative effect was only observed in moderate soaking( 3 d),and spore size showed no effect on germination. Smoke solution could not increase the germination of spores from the capsules with long storage time( 4.3 and 6.3 a). Our results indicated that moderate smoke solution soaking might accelerate germination of Sphagnum spores including small pores. In the ecosystems with casual fire disturbance such as peatlands,similar with its effects on the seed plants,smoke might play a key role in the regeneration and persistence of bryophyte population.