土地整治的生态环境效应:作用机制及应用路径

Ecological environmental effects of land consolidation: Mechanism of action and application path

随着生态文明理念的不断落实和土地多功能管理的转型,土地整治的生态化发展开始进入全面创新与实践探索的关键时期.系统梳理土地整治的生态环境效应理论研究与实践探索的发展过程,明确"新时代"下学科研究的服务方向和实施路径,对于实施"生态化"土地整治战略非常重要.本文以2000年以来国内外有关土地整治生态环境效应的文献为分析对象,采用Citespace 1.0软件的文献计量分析及文献归纳方法,对土地整治的生态环境效应研究热点进行识别,并从生态环境要素、生态景观、生态系统服务3个方面总结并提炼了土地整治生态环境影响的作用机制.在此基础上,从区域生态系统服务水平测度及障碍因子诊断、土地整治对区域生态系统服务的影响效应及其机制、基于生态系统服务提升的生态化土地整治模式构建等方面提出未来"生态化"土地整治的应用路径,旨在为我国"山水林田湖草"生命共同体的修复与建设提供科学依据.

With the continuous implementation of ecological civilization and the transformation of multi-functional land management,the ecologicalization of land consolidation has entered a critical period of theoretic innovation and practical application. Systematically combing the development of theoretical research and practical exploration of ecological environment effect of land consolidation,and clarifying the service direction and implementation path of the land science discipline research under the 'New Era'are urgent for the implementation of the 'ecological'land consolidation strategy. We reviewed the literatures on the ecological environment effects of land consolidation in the past 18 years. Using Citespace 1.0 software as analysis tool,we identified the research hotspots of ecological environmental effects of land consolidation,and discussed the mechanism of ecological environmental effects of land consolidation based on the analysis of relationship among ecological environment elements,ecological landscape and ecosystem services. Further,we proposed a new application path of 'ecological ' land consolidation from the measurement of regional ecosystem service level and the diagnosis of obstacle factors,the impact of land consolidation on regional ecosystem services and its mechanism,and the construction of ecological land consolidation model based on the promotion of ecosystem services,which aimed to provide a scientific basis for the restoration and construction of the life community of 'mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grasses'in China.