有机营养液灌溉频次和灌水量对设施甜瓜产量、品质及肥水利用效率的影响

Effects of irrigation frequency of organic nutrient solution and irrigation amount on yield, quality, fertilizer and water use efficiency of melon in facility

为研究高产优质甜瓜的有机管理模式,以甜瓜为试材,采用基质盆栽方式,设3种有机营养液灌溉频次(施用8次,每次每株750 mL, F_1;施用12次,每次每株500 mL, F_2;施用16次,每次每株375 mL, F_3)与2种单株灌水量(果实膨大前按120%日蒸腾蒸发量(ET)灌溉,之后按140%ET灌溉, W_1;果实膨大前按140%ET灌溉,之后按160%ET灌溉, W_2),共6个试验处理,随机区组试验设计,研究了不同处理对设施甜瓜光合特性、产量、品质及肥水利用效率的影响.结果表明:少量多次施用有机营养液可以显著提高甜瓜叶片光合速率,低灌水量显著提高果实产量和水分利用效率;高灌水量和中等有机营养液灌溉频次可使肥料利用率达到最高;少量多次有机营养液施用且相对适宜的水分供给提高了果实品质.回归分析发现,甜瓜果实维生素C含量与有机营养液灌溉频次呈指数函数y=0.214e^(0.18x)(R^2=0.851)相关.综合考虑产量、品质、水分利用效率等因素,F_3W_1处理可在保证产量的前提下,提高果实品质,且水分利用效率最大,可以实现设施有机甜瓜肥水高效管理.

To investigate the organic cultivation mode for high-yield and high-quality melon,we measured the growth of melon that grown in pots with different conditions of organic nutrient solution and irrigation.There were three irrigation frequencies of organic nutrient solution(8-time application,each time 750 mL per plant,F1;12-time application,each time 500 mL per plant,F2;16-time application,each time 375 mL per plant,F3)and two different irrigation amount per single plant(irrigating by 120%daily evapotranspiration(ET)before fruit enlargement,by 140%ET after fruit enlargement,W1;irrigating by 140%ET before fruit enlargement,by 160%ET after fruit enlargement,W2),following a randomized block trial design.The effects of those treatments on photosynthetic characteristics,yield,quality,fertilizer and water use efficiency of melon were investigated.The results showed that photosynthetic rate of melon leaves was significantly increased by more frequent and less amount of organic nutrient solution application.Fruit yield and water use efficiency were significantly improved under low irrigation condition.Fertilizer utilization was optimal under the treatments of high irrigation and medium organic nutrient solution frequency.Fruit quality was improved under less organic nutrient solution and relatively suitable water supply.A mathematical model of exponential function y=0.214 e0.18x(R2=0.851)could be used to quantify the relationship between the vitamin C content of melon fruit and frequency of organic nutrient solution application.Considering the variables,such as yield,quality and water use efficiency,F3W1 treatment was recommended with the aim to improve fruit quality and optimal water use efficiency under promising yield,which could achieve high-yield and high-quality cultivation of organic melon in facilities.