红松优树半同胞子代家系生长、结实及抗病虫能力的变异特征

Variation of the growth, fruiting and resistance to disease and insect of the half-sib families of Pinus koraiensis superior trees

以吉林省露水河宏伟种子园的551个优株29年生红松半同胞子代家系为材料,对其生长性状(树高、胸径、冠幅)、结实性状(连续7个结实年份的球果总数)和抗病虫能力进行调查,利用多性状综合评价的方法,结合生长、结实和抗病虫能力等6个性状,优选出优良家系和单株.结果表明:各性状在不同家系间和区组间的差异均达到极显著水平;各性状的表型变异系数变化范围为13.9%～61.0%,极显著的差异与高的变异系数有利于优良家系的评价和选择;材积、结实量和抗病虫能力的家系遗传力(分别为0.47、0.52和0.48)均大于单株遗传力(分别为0.37、0.07和0.10);红松家系生长性状、结实性状和抗病虫能力之间呈极显著正相关关系.以5%的入选率初步选出28个优良家系,其材积、结实量和抗病虫能力的遗传增益分别为16.8%、71.4%和0.5%;以2%的入选率在优良家系中初步选出7个优良单株,其材积、结实量和抗病虫能力的遗传增益分别为66.8%、80.9%和0.7%.这些初选的优良家系和单株表现出明显优势,可指导无性系种子园去劣疏伐,并为高世代种子园的营建提供繁殖材料.

We investigated the growth traits(tree height,diameter at the breast,crown diameter),fruiting traits(total number of cones in 7 consecutive fruiting years)and resistance to disease and insect of 551 half-sib families of Pinus koraiensis superior trees in 29-year-old in Hongwei seed orchard of Lushuihe,Jilin Province,with the method of multi-trait comprehensive evaluation and combining with six traits.The results showed that all the traits were significantly different among different families or blocks.Phenotypic variation coefficient of different traits ranged from 13.9%to 61.0%.The extremely significant difference and high variation coefficients were beneficial for elite families evaluation and selection.The family heritability of volume,seed yield and resistance to disease and insect(the values were 0.47,0.52,0.48,respectively)were higher than single plant heritability(the values were 0.37,0.07,0.10,respectively).There was a extremely significant positive correlation between growth traits,fruiting traits and resistance to disease and insect.28 elite families were selected with a selection rate of 5%,with the genetic gains of volume,seed yield and resistance to disease and insect being 16.8%,71.4%and 0.5%,respectively.Seven elite individuals were selected from the elite families with a selection rate of 2%,with the genetic gains of volume,seed yield and resistance to disease and insect being 66.8%,80.9%and 0.7%,respectively.These elite families and individual plants showed obvious advantages,which could guide the thinning of clonal seed orchards and provide breeding materials for the construction of high-generation seed orchards.