林下植物根系对森林凋落物分解过程中微生物及酶活性的影响

Effects of root growth on dynamics of microbes and enzyme activities during litter decomposition

为深入理解进入凋落物层生长的林下植物根系对森林凋落物分解的影响,本研究通过分解袋模拟试验探讨不同生物量多花黑麦草根系对中亚热带常绿阔叶林优势树种四川山矾凋落叶分解中微生物及酶活性的影响.结果表明:在分解的240 d进程中,无根(N)、少根(L)、多根(M)3种处理下凋落叶表面细菌和真菌群落多样性指数均表现为多根>少根>无根处理,并且不同根生物量处理对真菌群落组成和数量的影响较细菌更为显著.随着多花黑麦草生长季结束,生长进入分解袋中的活根生物量逐渐减少,根系对真菌群落组成的影响减小.同一分解阶段,凋落叶表面酸性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性在有根条件下均高于无根条件.表明根系的生长能够改变微生物群落组成与数量,并提高微生物胞外酶活性,从而对分解产生促进作用.

To understand the influence of roots of understory plant entering litter layer on litter decomposition in forest ecosystems,we examined the effects of different treatments of Lolium multiflorum root biomass on microorganisms and enzyme activities during leaf litter decomposition of Symplocos setchuensis,a dominant species in a mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,through a litter bag simulation experiment.Results showed that diversity index of bacterial and fungal communities of leaf litter surface under three treatments,i.e.no root(N),less roots(L),more roots(M),in a 240-day decomposition process showed the following pattern:M>L>N.The effects of these different root biomass treatments on the composition and quantity of fungal community were more significant than those on bacterial community.The biomass of living roots growing in the litter bag gradually decreased at the end of the growing season of L.multiflorum.The impacts of root growth on the composition of the fungal community gradually decreased during decomposition.At the same decomposition stage,the activities of acid phosphatase,β-glucosidase,polyphenol oxidase,and peroxidase on the litter surface were higher in the treatments with roots than that without roots.These results indicated that root growth could change the composition and quantity of microbial communities and increase the extracellular enzyme activities of microbes,and thus stimulating litter decomposition.