13～22岁学生现在吸烟与家庭类型、母亲文化程度、父亲职业的关系

Effects of family type, mother's education degree, and father's occupation on smoking behaviors among urban students aged 13 to 22 years

目的探讨13~22岁学生现在吸烟与家庭类型、母亲文化程度、父亲职业的关系。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,选取辽宁省7个地级市的初中、高中、大学13~22岁学生25 220人为研究对象。采用北京儿童青少年卫生研究所设计的《中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》,调查现在吸烟率与家庭类型、母亲文化程度、父亲职业的关系。采用SPSS 11.5统计软件,率(相对数)的比较采用χ2检验。P≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 6类家庭间男性现在吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.368,P=0.010),其他家庭现在吸烟率最高;女性现在吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=62.726,P<0.01),其他、隔代、单亲、重组家庭现在吸烟率均较高。母亲文化程度5个水平间男生现在吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=233.724,P<0.01),女生也有统计学意义(χ2=10.179,P=0.038),均表现为母亲文化程度越高现在吸烟率越低。9类父亲职业间男生现在吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=60.561,P<0.01),父亲职业为个体工商户男性学生现在吸烟率最高,其次为城市务工的农民,商业/服务人员最低;女生差异无统计学意义(χ2=11.423,P=0.179)。结论家庭类型、母亲文化程度对13~22岁男、女生现在吸烟均有影响,父亲职业仅对男生有影响。

Objective To investigate the relationship between three family factors, including family type,Mother's Education Degree(MED), and Father's Occupation(FO), and smoking behaviors among urban students from 13 to 22 years old; to provide scientific basis for the health education on smoking cessation among students. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select samples. 25,220 students aged 13 to 22 years were investigated with special questionnaires. The questionnaire,which was designed by Beijing Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, was aimed on the relationship between children and adolescents smoking behaviors and family type, mother's education degree, and father's occupation. Results The differences of smoking behavior rates among six types of family were significant for both male(χ2=13.368,P=0.010) and female students(χ2=62.726,P<0.01). Smoking behavior rates of both male and female students from other type of family were the highest. For unstable family types, including single- parent family, reconstructed family and grandparent family, the female smoking behavior rates were higher than regular family type. The differences of smoking behavior rates among five levels of MED were significant for both males(χ2=233.724,P<0.01) and females(χ2=10.179,P=0.038). Students, whose mother had higher education degree, tend to have lower smoking rate. The differences of smoking behavior rates among nine sorts of FO were significant for males(χ2=60.561,P<0.01), but not for females(χ2=11.423,P=0.179). Male students, whose fathers were self- employers,had the highest smoking behavior rate. Male students, whose fathers were migrant workers, working at business or service industry, had the lowest smoking behavior rate. Conclusions Family types and MED have effect on smoking behaviors of both males and females, but FO only affect male students.