深圳市福田区慢性病高风险人群膳食限盐知识、态度和行为现状分析

Dietary salt intake: knowledge, attitudes and practices among high-risk groups of non-communicable diseases in Futian District, Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市福田区慢性病高风险人群膳食限盐知识、态度和行为现状,为开展社区综合干预提供科学依据。方法从深圳市福田区随机抽取12个社区,通过多种筛查途径(体检资料查询、日常门诊发现、家庭医生发现、义诊发现)在被选取的社区中筛查发现慢性病高风险个体1923名,并对其进行问卷调查,最终获得1794名慢性病高风险个体的有效问卷。用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据分析,定性资料采用χ2检验,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨影响是否采取主动限盐行为的因素,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果深圳市福田区慢性病高风险人群对高盐饮食所致不同疾病(除高血压外)的知晓率均低于50.00%;分别有41.24%、48.83%、15.49%和6.64%的研究对象知道中国成人膳食盐推荐摄入量标准、接受过低盐膳食教育、使用过定量盐勺和自我评估吃盐过多。研究人群中50.06%的对象主动采取限盐措施,83.56%的对象认为在知晓高盐饮食危害健康后会采取限盐措施。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,中国成人膳食盐推荐摄入量知晓情况、食盐摄入过多导致肾脏病和骨质疏松认知情况、食盐摄入量自我评估情况、家族史和接受低盐膳食宣传或教育情况是影响是否采取主动限盐行为的因素。结论深圳市福田区慢性病高风险人群膳食限盐知识、态度、和行为处于中等水平,应通过低盐膳食宣传或教育,促进自我限盐行为的形成。

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices(KAP) of dietary salt intake among the high risk groups for non-communicable diseases in Futian district, Shenzhen. Methods A total of 12 communities were randomly selected from Futian district of Shenzhen city. A wide variety of screening methods was used for screening high-risk groups of non-communicable diseases. All the volunteers(n=1 923) were administered a questionnaire to assess their KAP for dietary salt intake. The questionnaires of 1 794 volunteers were efficient. Results Virtually half of the participants recognized that a diet high in salt can cause serious health problems, with the majority linking a high salt diet to raised blood pressure. Among the participant, 41.24% knew the Chinese Nutrition Guideline recommendation of daily salt intake of less than 6 grams; 48.83% reported that they received low dietary salt advice; 15.49% used a salt-restriction-spoon; 6.64% reported overconsumption of salt. Overall, 83.56% indicated their intention to reduce sodium intake if they knew a diet high in salt can cause serious health problems, although only 50.06 % reported that they took action to reduce salt. Multiple Logistic regression analyses indicated that favorable actions to dietary salt reduction were more likely to occur among those who were aware of the link between salt and health. Conclusions KAP for dietary salt intake among high-risk groups of non-communicable diseases in Futian District of Shenzhen city was moderate. Increasing knowledge levels about the benefits of sodium reduction will be a key success factor for effective sodium reduction initiatives and is linked to favorable behavioral change.