2014年北京市朝阳区成年居民血脂异常流行特征及危险因素分析

The prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among the adult residents in Chaoyang district, Beijing, in 2014

目的探讨2014年北京市朝阳区成年居民血脂异常的流行特征和主要危险因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法对北京市朝阳区33 647例常住居民进行问卷调查,并进行体格检查和血脂检测,使用SPSS17.0统计软件对数据进行描述性分析、χ~2检验和logistic回归分析。结果本调查共33 647例,年龄(51.38±15.62)岁,男性14 054例(41.77%),女性19 593例(58.23%);血脂异常患病率41.69%(标化率37.95%,患病13 234例),男性血脂异常患病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=98.75,P<0.01),其中男性血脂异常在18~、30~、40~年龄组均处于较高水平,且高于女性年龄组(P均<0.01),随年龄的升高血脂异常患病率有升高趋势(χ~2趋势=694.76,P<0.01);血脂异常自报患病率10.92%(3 673例),女性(11.94%)高于男性(9.48%)(χ~2=62.93,P<0.01);血脂异常知晓率27.75%(3 673例),女性(31.94%)高于男性(22.56%)(χ~2=143.46,P<0.01)。男性(OR=1.060)、农村户籍(OR=1.095)、60岁及以上老人(OR=1.097)、吸烟(OR=1.144)、过量饮酒(OR=1.123)、超体质量肥胖(OR=1.569)、中心性肥胖(OR=1.546)、高血压(OR=1.578)、糖尿病(OR=1.931)是其危险因素,适量的主食(OR=0.277)和在婚/同居(OR=0.962)是其保护因素。结论 2014年北京市朝阳区血脂异常患病率较高,在男性例群中有年轻化趋势;男性、农村户籍、高年龄组、吸烟、过量饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、超体质量肥胖、中心性肥胖均是血脂异常的危险因素;而适量的主食摄入和在婚/同居是其保护因素。

Objective This study aimed to elucidate the epidemic status and risk factors affecting dyslipidemia. Methods Information collection through survey was conducted in a total of 33 647 people, who were selected using cluster random sampling in Chaoyang District, Beijing. The objective data was collected through physical examination and blood test. Descriptive statistics, χ2test and logistic regression for elucidating the influencing factors was performed using the statistics software SPSS 17.0. Results 33 647 adult residents surveyed had an age of(51.38±15.62) years. Among them 14 054(41.77%)were males and 19 593(58.23%) were females. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 41.69%(37.95% of standard rate), which corresponded to 13 234 people. The prevalence among the male was higher than that among the female(χ2=98.75, P<0.001). The prevalence was increased with the increase of age(χ2trend=694.76, P<0.001). Self-reported prevalence of dyslipidemia was 10.92%(3 673), which was higher in the female(11.94%) than in the male(9.48%)(χ2=62.93, P<0.001). Dyslipidemia awareness was 27.75%(3 673),which was higher in the female(31.94%) than in the male(22.56%)(χ2=143.46, P<0.001). Risk factors of dyslipidemia were gender(OR=1.060), age over 60 years old(OR=1.097), countryside living(OR=1.095), smoking(OR=1.144), excessive alcohol drinking(OR=1.123), hypertension(OR=1.578),diabetes(OR=1.931), obesity(OR=1.569) and central obesity(OR=1.546), which were positively correlated with dyslipidemia. Male intake of staple food(OR=0.277), being married(OR=0.962) were protective factors. Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemiais increasingly getting higher and self-reportedrates and awareness of dyslipidemia is health threatening. It is important to control dyslipidemia by quitting alcohol, controlling weight and eating a balanced diet.