北京市某区农村自备井生活饮用水感官性状和一般化学指标的调查分析

Investigation of sensory quality properties and general chemical indicators on the drinking water of rural self-drilled well in a Beijing district

目的分析北京市某区农村自备井生活饮用水感官性状和一般化学指标的状态,为提高生活饮用水的水质提供现实参考依据。方法以分层随机抽样的方法对北京市某区2010-2014年农村自备井的生活饮用水采样,水样按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)对感官性状和一般化学指标进行评价,并且分析自备井的深度、自备井周边的污染源、自备井消毒设施的运转状态对水样感官性状和一般化学指标的影响。结果以绝对数表示,采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行统计分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(xˉ±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料用率(%)表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果本研究合计采集自备井饮用水911份,感官性状和一般化学指标合格率为93.19%;2010年、2012—2014年,井深超过60 m的自备井饮用水感官性状和一般化学指标合格率高于井深低于60 m的自备井(均P<0.05);2010、2012、2013年,井周围50 m以内无污染源的自备井饮用水感官性状和一般化学指标合格率高于井周围50 m以内有污染源的自备井(均P<0.05);2010-2012年,消毒设施运转正常的自备井饮用水感官性状和一般化学指标合格率高于消毒设施运转不正常的自备井(均P<0.05)。结论海淀区农村自备井水质还存在安全隐患,应加强消毒设备使用状态的管理,提高生活饮用水的质量。

Objective To investigate the sensory quality properties and general chemical indicators of drinking water from self-drilled well in rural area of a district in Beijing, and provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of drinking water. Methods From 2011 to 2014, the drinking water samples of self-drilled well in rural area of a Beijing district were collected by using stratified random sampling method. The levels of sensory quality properties and general chemical indicators were evaluated according to 'health standard for drinking water'(GB5749- 2006). The effects of depth, pollution sources,and disinfection facilities on the microbiological indicators of self-drilled well were analyzed, respectively.Results A total of 911 water samples were collected, and the qualified rate of sensory quality properties and general chemical indicators was 94.51%. In 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2014, the qualified rates of the wells more than 60 m in depth were higher than the wells less than 60 m(all P<0.05). In 2010, 2012, and 2013, the qualified rates of the wells without pollution sources in 50 m were higher than the wells with pollution sources(all P<0.05). From 2010 to 2012, the qualified rates of the wells with disinfection facilities were higher than the wells without disinfection facilities(all P<0.05). Conclusions Some rural self-drilled wells in a Beijing district are unqualified in sensory quality properties and general chemical indicators. Specific measures should be taken to strengthen the management of water sources and improve the quality of drinking water.