2010-2014年北京海淀区农村自备井生活饮用水微生物学状况及其影响因素

Microbiological status and its influence factors of the drinking water of rural self-drilled well in Haidian District of Beijing during 2010-2014

目的调查北京市海淀区农村自备井生活饮用水的微生物学状态及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,对2010-2014年海淀区农村自备井的生活饮用水进行采样,依据《生活,饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)对微生物指标进行评价,分析自备井的深度、井周围的污染源和消毒设施运转状态对微生物指标合格率的影响,数据之间的比较采用χ~2检验。结果共采集水样911份,微生物指标合格率为94.51%;井深超过60 m的自备井微生物指标合格率高于井深小于60 m的自备井(2012年:χ~2=18.25,P<0.001;2013年:χ~2=27.33,P<0.001;2014年:χ~2=27.89,P<0.001);井周围50 m以内无污染源的自备井微生物指标合格率高于井周围50 m以内有污染源的自备井(2011年:χ~2=5.03,P=0.03;2012年:χ~2=44.77,P<0.001;2013年:χ~2=36.15,P<0.001;2014年:χ~2=26.42,P<0.001);消毒设施运转正常的自备井微生物指标合格率高于消毒设施运转不正常的自备井(2011年:χ~2=7.06,P=0.008;2012年:χ~2=103.02,P<0.001;2013年:χ~2=81.87,P<0.001;2014年:χ~2=67.50,P<0.001)。结论海淀区农村自备井水质还存在安全隐患,与井深、井周围环境及消毒设施是否运转正常有关。

Objective To investigate the microbiological status and its influence factors of drinking water from self-drilled well in rural area of Haidian District in Beijing. Methods The drinking water samples of self-drilled well in rural area of Haidian District were collected using stratified random sampling method. The levels of microbiological indicators were evaluated according to'health standard for drinking water'(GB5749-2006). The effects of well depth, pollution sources, and disinfection facilities on the microbiological indicators of self-drilled well were analyzed, respectively. χ2test was used to analyze the above indexes. Results From 2011 to 2014, 911 water samples were collected, and the qualified rate of microbiological indicators was 94.51%. The qualified rate of microbiological indicators in the wells more than 60 m in depth was higher than that in the wells less than 60 m(all P<0.05).The qualified rate of microbiological indicators in the wells without pollution sources in 50 m was higher than that in the wells with pollution sources(all P<0.05). The qualified rate of microbiological indicators in the wells with disinfection facilities was higher than that in the wells without disinfection facilities(all P<0.05). Conclusions The water quality of some rural self-drilled wells in Haidian District isunqualified in microbiological indicators, and it is related with well depth, well surroundings and disinfection facilities.