哈尔滨新发肺结核实施健康干预效果研究

Health intervention effects on newly developed tuberculosis in Harbin

目的通过不同的健康教育方式对肺结核患者实施健康干预并进行效果评价。方法采用随机抽样法选取哈尔滨市初治痰涂片阳性的肺结核患者,采用随机区组设计,按年龄排序随机分配至三个区组,分别为短信息组、电话组和常规管理的对照组。在患者接受正规抗结核治疗期间,通过实施不同方式的健康干预手段,对结核病相关信息进行宣传教育,待患者疗程结束后行电话回访,比较健康信息干预前后及不同干预方式下三组结核病相关知识知晓率变化情况。结果干预后三组单项信息知晓率均有所提高(P<0.01),短信息组与电话组总信息合格知晓率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。短信息组干预后青年人的总信息合格知晓率显著高于电话组干预后(P<0.05),而电话组干预后老年人的总信息合格知晓率显著高于短信息组干预后(P<0.05)。结论短信及电话干预方式对肺结核患者实施全程健康教育干预可有效提高其信息知晓率,短信息干预更适宜年轻患者,针对老年患者则应采用电话干预的方式。

Objective To evaluate the health intervention effects on patients with tuberculosis by various health educational modes. Methods With simple random sampling, tuberculosis patients with sputum smear-positive in primary treatment in Harbin, were selected and were divided into three random area groups by age, namely text message group, telephone group and general management group(control group). During regular anti-tuberculosis treatment, patients were educated on tuberculosis-related information by implementing various health intervention methods. Follow-up visits was conducted by telephone after treatment. Tuberculosis related information awareness rates was compared in each group between pro-intervention and post-intervention or under different intervention methods. Results After intervention, awareness rate of single information of each group had raised(P<0.01). Qualified awareness rate of total information in message group and telephone group was significantly higher than that in control group( all P<0.05). Qualified awareness rate of total information for young people in text message group was significant higher than that in telephone group after intervention(P<0.05). Qualified awareness rate of total information for elderly people was on contrary(P<0.05). Conclusion Implementing whole-course health educational intervention for tuberculosis patients using text message and telephone intervention modes can effectively raise their information awareness rate. Text message intervention is more suitable for young patients, while for old patients, telephone intervention mode is more suitable.