神农架林地区居民2016年期望寿命及减寿年数的主要死因分析

Study on the main causes of death affecting life expectancy and potential years of life lost among residents in Shennongjia

目的分析和评价湖北省神农架林区2016年主要死因对人群期望寿命及其损失的影响,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法通过对2016年神农架林区全人群死因监测数据的整理统计,计算分析居民期望寿命、潜在减寿年数(PYLL)、潜在减寿率(PYLLR)、平均减寿年数(AYLL)、潜在工作损失年(WPYLL)、潜在平均工作损失年(WAYLL)、潜在工作损失率(WPYLLR)等指标。结果 2016年神农架林区人口期望寿命为76.62岁,其中男性73.42岁,女性80.16岁;处于死因构成前5位的依次是恶性肿瘤、损伤中毒、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病和脑血管疾病;去除前5位死因后,人均期望寿命可分别提高2.27、2.39、1.40、1.39、1.07岁。对居民早死威胁最大的是以跌倒、工伤、交通事故、自害行为为主的损伤中毒类;其次是恶性肿瘤,以肺癌为首。PYLL前3位依次是损伤中毒、恶性肿瘤和心脏病,减寿年数分别为1 260年、974年和275年。AYLL前3位分别是围生期疾病、先天性疾病和损伤中毒,每人每年平均减寿70、70和11.15年。20~59岁劳动力人口WPYLL、WAYLL和WPYLLR前3位与导致PYLL的疾病一致,依次是损伤中毒、恶性肿瘤和心脏病。劳动力人口每年每千人因这些疾病分别损失25.90、21.48和18.58工作年。结论神农架林区人口期望寿命值有待进一步提高,加强针对不同人群损伤中毒、以恶性肿瘤为首的慢性病和围生期先天性疾病的防治策略研究是非常必要的。

Objective To analyze and evaluate the effect of the main causes of death on expectancy and potential years of life lost(PYLL) among residents in Shennongjia in 2016, and to provide evidence for the development of the control strategies. Methods The life expectancy, the number of PYLL, PYLL rate(PYLLR), average number of PYLL(APYLL), working of PYLL(WPYLL), average of WPYLL(WAYLL), WAYLL rate(WPYLLR) and other indicators were analyzed by employing causes of death surveillance data from Shennongjia in 2016. Results The life expectancy in Shennongjia was 76.62 years old, 73.42 for males and 80.16 for female. Cancers, injuries, respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were five leading causes of death among residents in Shennongjia. Life expectancy could be increased by 2.27, 2.39, 1.40, 1.39, 1.07 years if those diseases were removed. The greatest threats to early death were injuries, mainly fall,occupational injuries, road traffic injuries and self-harm, followed by cancers, mainly lung cancer. The leading causes of death for PYLL were injuries, cancers and heart diseases, which caused 1 260, 974 and 275 years of PYLL respectively. Perinatal diseases, congenital diseases and injuries were the leading causes of death for APYLL, which caused 70, 70 and 11.15 years for APYLL respectively. The main diseases for WPYLL, WAYLL and WPYLLR among 20-59 years old were the same as causing PYLL, which were injuries, cancers and heart disease, causing 25.90, 21.48 and 18.58 working years lost respectively. Conclusion The life expectancy in Shennongjia needs to be further improved,and it is necessary to strengthen the research on the prevention of injuries, chronic diseases, perinatal and congenital diseases.