血常规检验在地中海贫血和缺铁性贫血诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用

Application of blood routine examination in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia

目的探讨血常规检验在地中海贫血(THAL)和缺铁性贫血(IDA)诊断中的应用价值,旨在为临床诊断THAL和IDA提供参考。方法选取2015年6月—2016年8月江门市中心医院进行血常规检查的99例贫血患者,将31例THAL患者纳入THAL组,将35例IDA患者纳入IDA组,将33例普通贫血者纳入对照组。分析比较三组患者的血常规指标,探讨血常规在IDA和THAL中的诊断价值。结果 THAL组和IDA组红细胞(RBC)、红细胞/血红蛋白(RBC/HB)、平均红细胞比容(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)水平均高于对照组的,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IDA组RBC、HB、RDW水平均明显低于THAL组的,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血常规是鉴别诊断THAL和IDA的有效方法,尤其是RBC、HB、RDW等指标。

Objective To discuss the application values of blood routine examination for thalassemia(THAL) and iron deficiency anemia(IDA), and its aim to provide reference for clinical differential diagnosis of THAL and IDA. Methods 99 cases of patients with anemia and who underwent the blood routine examination in our hospital from August, 2016 to June, 2015 were included into the research by the retrospective analysis.And the clinical data of patients were analyzed, and patients with THAL were included in group A of 31 cases,which 14 cases of light alpha-THAL group, 11 cases in light beta-THAL group and 6 in group HBH.The patients with IDA were included in group B of35 cases, while 33 cases of normal healthy people were included in group C. Then, the blood routine indexes of three groups were analyzed and compared, and the diagnostic values of blood routine in IDA and THAL were discussed. Results Compared with the group C, the levels of RBC, HB,RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW were compared between the group A and B group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The levels of RBC, HB and RDW in group B were significantly lower than those in group THAL, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The blood routine is an effective indicator for the differential diagnosis of THAL and IDA, which it has the advantages of simple operation, low price, rapid and so on, thus it can be promoted in clinical practice.